Analysis

Looking at both of the trasncripts, it is clear that the ambulance call transcript has more use of spontaneous speech as opposed to the vlog. The vlog has obviously been scripted to some extent as well as they know what they are going to talk about and it has been planned out. The amount of spontaneous features in the first transcript, such as interruptions and pauses are frequent in the first transcript, however in the second transcript of the vlog, the number of spontaneous language features are fewer. The fact that the video has been edited to cut out any long pauses to decrease the time of the video has been used for effect, influences the amount of spontaneous speech features within the transcript. However, like the use of an outline script on the volg transcript, the woman on the pther end of the phone to the 6 yea old boy, Liam, obviously has trained experience and has a certain criteria to ask the person on the phone to find out certain information about them and the incident that has happened. This then decreases the amount of unknown spontaneous conversation for the phone receptionist.

Transcript no. 2

Marcus Butler - How girls get ready

key: * means the cut of the video, such as editing the clips

Helloo^* how y'all doing* you alright^? (1) yeah? (.) Cool. Anyway, ladies, gentlemen, boys and girls, (2)* yep (.) I wanted to talk about girls getting ready today * being a girl must be soo fricking hard * The amount of times some of you girls spend getting ready is craa^zzzyyyyyy * dat shit cray * I'm not talking about all girls, because obviously I (.) don't have a perspective on all girls * Girls'll usually spend about three to four hours getting ready (.) * The first thing will be the most important thingon the agenda, is (.) what to wear. Planning for this event can sometimes go on for daays, weeks and maybe even months before it actually (.) even happens (breathes in through teeth) (2) they'll spend agggess abd aggesss and ages picking out this perfect outfit, (1) and then when it actually comes to the night of getting ready, (.) they usually end up having a little bit of a hissy fit. (high pitched voice to impersonate a girl''s voice) Uhh I've just got not^hing to wear (sobbing) I've got noth^ing to wear-heherr!

Transcript

6 Year Old boy 999 Emergency Call, Liam

Phone receptionist: Hello, Ambulance service (3)

Liam: Um (1)

                |What’s the problem?

Liam: Me mam’s fainted (.)

Phone receptionist: Are you with your mam now?

Liam: Yeah

Phone receptionist: (1) And where is she?

Liam: (2) She’s in the sitting room

                                                                |Ah right, could you take the phone next to where she is?

Liam: (5) Here

Phone receptionist: (4) Hello?

Liam: It’s here

Phone receptionist: Are you next to your mum now?

Liam: (.) Yeah

Phone receptionist: Okay, now what I need you to do is give a good shake of her shoulders (.), and shout her name in her ear and tell me what she does

Liam: (3) um, mam, (1), mam. (3) she’s not, she’s not doing anything

Phone receptionist: Alright, what’s your mum’s name?

Liam: Rebecca

Phone receptionist: ‘n’ what’s your name?

Liam: Liam

Phone receptionist: So is anybody at home with you now Liam?

Liam: (.) No

Phone receptionist: No?

Liam: Just me mam

Phone receptionist: Okay, now does it look like your mum’s been bleeding from anywhere? (1), Can you see any blood?

Liam: No

Phone receptionist: Does she look like she’s hurt at all?

Liam: (2) No

Phone receptionist: No? Okay (2) Now are you alright to get your door open, Liam?

Liam: yeah

Phone receptionist: Yeah? (.) Is your door unlocked?

Liam: I’ll have a look

Phone receptionist: Do you wanna go and have a look? Yeah

Liam: (2) Yeah

Phone receptionist: It’s unlocked, yeah?

Liam: (.) Mhhm

Phone receptionist: (1) And do you just live at home with you mam or do you live at home with anyone else?

Liam: Me dad, but me dad’s not in

Phone receptionist: Ahh where’s your dad?

Liam: he’s at skittles

Phone receptionist: ah is he? Mnn okay (1) Now where abouts is your mam lying, is she on her belly or is she lying on her back, or her side?

Liam: Belly

Phone receptionist: She’s lying on her belly?

Liam: Yeah, I can’t

                    | Can you try and roll her over Liam? Can you roll her over so she’s lying on her side?

Class Work Text

In Tuesday's lesson, my table and I looked at the quote by Johnny Depp:-

"If you love two people at the same time, choose the second one because if you really loved the first one, you wouldn't have fallen for the second."

After having a group discussion between the group that was on my table, we found out that through analysing the quote, the quotation uses personal pronouns, 'you', using a direct mode of address to speak to the reader specifically. It could also be argued that this quote uses Fairclough's synthetic personalisation, as it assumes that the reader knows what he is on about and also that the reader actually loves the second person more than the first. Without knowing the reader's circumstances, it assumes that the reader can relate to this quotation.

We also discussed Deborah Tannen's theory of Advice Vs Feelings, and it is significant that the quote gives advice as well as being said by a male. This fits perfectly into the category of Language and Gender roles. This specific quotation also has influential power, as it is advice that the reader can choose to take or not, however due to Johnny Depp's high status in society due to his fame, means that there is a use of instrumental power, giving him more power over the reader to listen to his quote.

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The text that we chose out of the texts we were given was the news feed from Twitter. After discussing the elements of language in this text, we decided that there was a combination of both, influential and instrumental power. The use of instrumental power is that the account that had the news feed followed celebrities, and due to their fame and popularity, it means that their higher status gives them more advantages to be followed by the account that we had a screenshot of their news feed. We also discussed that the celebrities have the power over what their followers see and consume. However there is also influential power, as the person's Twitter account has authority over who they follow, meaning that if they see any posts or tweets they do not agree with, they can either unfollow or report/block the celebrity Twitter user. 

Users on Twitter tend to write tweets that are very opinionated, meaning that it could affect the face threatening acts and politeness strategies. This is why we noticed that a lot of celebrities use "in my opinion" to reduce less offence to their followers. 

Difference Theory

Definition: The Difference theory in Language and Gender is the idea that the different genders of male and female have different uses of language and there are significant difference between the language that is used by males and the language that is used by females. No gender is better or wrong (says theorist Tannen), however the different languages can be interpreted differently for different approaches.

Theorist Deborah says that "Your genes don't determine your jeans" meaning that she believes that your gender does not determine the way that you speak.

The techniques that are used within this theory:
For Men:
-Blunt, straight to the point reactions
-Use of modal verbs in the sense of instructing rather than asking
-More likely to use small talk
-More likely to talk about factual subjects
-Less likely to be confrontational (e.g. arguments) - Compromise Vs Conflict

For Women:
-Hedging
-Sentence fillers
-Overlap/interrupt
-More likely to seek sympathy and emotion from the person she is talking to or what she is talking about
-More likely to use gossipy language
-More likely to use
-Back-channel agreement
-More likely to start an argument - Conflict Vs Compromise

Women tend to use sentence fillers such as 'yeah' or 'hmm' whereas men either don't say anything or they will be straight to the point with 'right'. Women will also use hedging to cushion or make whatever they mean seem lighter, such as if they are asked a question- "OMG does my bum look big in this?!', they will say 'no not really, it looks lovely on you!' to consider the feelings of the person asking whereas men are blunt and will say what they mean, 'yeah, I'd change' (clothes).

It is also said that 'women talk too much' meaning that 'men get more air'* (obviously from not being able to get a word in) however I don't know if that was written by a very biased male, perhaps, perhaps not!! It is known that women -I won't say talk too much- but women can create more conversation than men, so maybe that is where that point has come from?!

Orders Vs Proposals - The bluntness between the two genders are also different as a man is more likely to say 'close the door', 'shut the window', whereas women soften the approach, 'let's', 'should we go out for dinner?'. This means that men give orders and use modal verbs whereas women tend to ask it as a question with a preference in mind of what the answer will be.

(Tannen's theory) Women are also more likely to create a relationship with the person she is talking to and build the social skills that she has with them, whereas men communicate to get to the point, making their language just message-orientated based upon the information.

(Tannen's theory) Conflict Vs Compromise - Women tend to attempt to resolve disagreements without any direct confrontation, however the language can be stronger in the sense of power when in a argument. Men tend to confront straight away with something that is bothering them which resolves differences, negotiating status. Tannen stresses that both ways of communicating is to create involvement and strengthening bonds.

This theory can be used in advertisements, novels, transcripts/scripts, movies, TV shows and other types of recorded media. It is best to be used in the form of script/novel or video media purely so it highlights the difference theory between men and women.

Bruce:  Honey, I just don’t see the need to make the bed every day with all those pillows.  Do we have to?
Wife: Yes, because it looks better and what if someone comes over?

Bruce:  Who? The pool man?  These pillows just get in the way and clutter up the room when we go to bed.
Wife (sigh): Dear, just do it for me, okay?

Bruce:  Okay, okay.  Can we talk about this shopping trip you want me to come with you on, please?

Wife:  What about it?

Bruce:  I don’t want any new clothes.  I’m fine with what I've got for our trip.

Wife:  Bruce, most of your clothes should be thrown out.  In fact, if you don’t go through your closet, I will and get rid of most of your horribly out-of-style wardrobe.

Bruce:  Please don’t do that.  I’ll clean out some of the older stuff.  Look, I’m just comfortable wearing the stuff I wear. And, a lot of that stuff has sentimental value to me, just like Pete Maravich’s socks did to him.

There seems to be a balanced status between Bruce and (what I'm assuming is) his wife, however the fact that the wife has no name creates a huge significance that she does not have a name of her own and is being referred as his property or his default role in a marriage. Bruce shows no sign of hedging at all and is blunt with his answers, 'I just don't see the need to make the bed every day with all those pillows', stating his opinionated point with a straight-to-the-point mannerism, not thinking about the emotions that it might provoke. He proves the Orders Vs Proposals theory section right as he says to his wife, Both Bruce and his wife both use the Conflict Vs Compromise theory, 'Can we talk about this shopping trip you want me to come with you on, please?', where Bruce is simply asking to talk about the situation to negotiate something that he is not completely satisfied with. His wife then later responds with "if you don’t go through your closet, I will and get rid of most of your horribly out-of-style wardrobe" creating more of a conflict towards Bruce and the subject.

*see bibliography reference
Bibliography:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_theory
* http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/lang/gender.htm
http://www.brucesallan.com/2011/01/13/a-conversation-between-a-man-and-a-woman/

Grouping Texts - Formal Register/Language Similarities

 Grouping Texts - Formal Register/Language Similarities

Out of the six texts, I have chosen Text A and Text D as they are both written in a formal register to achieve the purpose that they are written for. Although the purpose of the two texts are slightly different, they both hold a purpose to inform to some extent, however the language that is used shows similarities in terms of form. The target audience for both texts have a very direct audience as they have appeared in a certain place that they know the reader will be interested in the texts. Text A is an advertisement that appeared in a theatre programme for performance at Shakespeare's Globe, and the text is trying to advertise a financial service company. The text has been purposely placed in the theatre programme to attract the specific target audience for the promotion of the company. Text D is an extract from the Higher Education Bill. The register that is held throughout both of the texts is formal, as the choice of words are selected carefully to suit what the message is trying to get across, as well as suiting the target audience's expectations.

Looking at the differences between the two texts, Text D seems to include a constant range of low frequent words, 'institutions providing higher education', indicating that this text is setting a formal approach due to the demands that the bill is asking of the reader. The expectations that need to be followed are carried through this formal language, showing power and authorisation between the text and the reader. Due to Text D's subject being about higher education, there is a frequent lexical field of education connotations and word associations, which could also be seen as jargon, 'students', 'education', 'arts and humanities', signalling the subject that the text is covering and the audience are aware of the language and the topics that are being discussed.

Text A's language is also set out as a formal register, however there is a lack of low frequent words, but high frequent words are used alternatively for a different effect. Using high frequent words means that the audience who are reading the advertisement to understand the language and what is being said in the advertisement. Allowing the audience to have an understanding of the product will persuade them further to discover more about the company as the clear instructions and facts gives the audience the power rather than the text the power. Even though the language is simplified as much as possible to let the readers get the most out of the advertisement as they can, specific jargon is also used throughout the advertisement to make the language formal and professional, 'financial', 'investors', 'policyholders', 'institutions', this signals that even though there is use of jargon, the reader can still understand what the advertisement is about and the jargon is not absolutely needed to know what it fully means due to the clarity of the context.

Target: My target is to revise more terminology so that I can use it effectively throughout my essays
Task: I am going to set myself the task to set myself certain days and times to allow myself to revise 2-3 framework techniques to boost my confidence and knowledge about the terminology that I can use in my essay during my exam. I will review my task with the frequent tasks I set myself.

Text 1:
Pizza Hut Advertisement

Liked this? How about Seconds?

Your own create your own pizza

was just the beginning...

Here are some more mouth-watering

deals to tempt you...

Text 2:

L'Oreal advert starring Cheryl Cole

What if you could transform your skin to look

pixel perfect? Breathtaking. New skin perfection by

L'Oreal. Advanced skincare with powerful formulas

helps transform your appearance of skin quality. 

Texture feels silky soft, pores look virtually undetectable, 

tone appears more even. Cheryl: Look photo-ready at 

every angle.

New Skin Perfection by L'Oreal Paris

Cheryl: Pixel perfect your skin, we're worth it

The two texts that I have chosen are both advertisements, that hold the same primary purpose, to persuade the audience to buy what they are selling. The secondary purpose of the advertisements are to inform the audience about the product that they are trying to sell, telling the audience what effect the product will have on the consumer if they choose to buy the item that is trying to be sold. 

Both texts include Fairclough's synthetic personalisation, as the product from text 1 is assuming that they know the audience's required needs,'mouth-watering deals to tempt you', implying that they are assuming that they know that the deals will have the effect of making the audience's mouth water. Text 2 shows synthetic personalisation, however it also includes Fairclough's idea of building the consumer, as it tells the audience everything that they want to be, making themselves fit into the category of the consumer, 'what if you could transform your skin to look pixel perfect?', along with the list of what the product will help the audience achieve, 'texture feels silky soft, pores look virtually undetectable', making them want to buy the product to achieve the results that they desire. This particular framework allows the product to be advertised successfully to achieve the results that's wanted. 

The fact that the L'Oreal advert also has celebrity Cheryl Cole sponsoring the product allows the audience to relate and wish to look like Cheryl, wanting to buy the product to achieve the same results that Cheryl appears to achieve during the advertisement. The use of choosing a familiar celebrity also encourages the audience to buy the product due to the idea that if Cheryl uses it or rates it highly, then the product must be worth purchasing.